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The topic we are doing is on discussing the developments in the market for 3G mobile devices!

The topic that we are going to include consist

• Intro of 3G - Weng Hao
• Technologies in 3G - Daniel
• Technologies in 3.5G and 3.75G - Ming Hui
• Current 3G to 3.75G supported Devices - Ming Hui
• Technologies currently in development (Pre 4G) - Mun Whye / Weng Hao
• The New 4G - Aaron Yang
• Conclusion

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Intro of 3G - Weng Hao

3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, after 2G. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, "IMT-2000". 3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment. Typically, they provide service at 5-10 Mb per second.

Features of 3G
The most significant feature of 3G mobile technology is that it supports greater numbers of voice and data customers — especially in urban areas — and higher data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G. By using the radio spectrum in bands identified, which is provided by the UTI for Third Generation IMT-2000 mobile services, it subsequently licensed to operators. 3G uses .6 MHz channel carrier width to deliver significantly higher data rates and increased capacity compared to 2G networks. The .5 MHz channel carrier provides optimum use of radio resources for operators who have been granted large, contiguous blocks of spectrum. On the other hand, it also helps to reduce the cost to 3G networks while being capable of providing extremely high-speed data transmission to users. It also allows the transmission of 384 kbit/s for mobile systems and 2 Mb/s for stationary systems. 3G users are expected to have greater capacity and better spectrum efficiency, which allows them to access global roaming between different 3G networks. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Technologies of 3G - Daniel

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the third-generation (3G) cell phone technologies.
UMTS combines the W-CDMA, TD-CDMA, or TD-SCDMA air interfaces, GSM's Mobile Application Part (MAP) core, and the GSM family of speech codecs. In the most popular cellular mobile telephone variant of UMTS, W-CDMA is currently used. Note that other wireless standards use W-CDMA as their air interface, including FOMA.

Unlike IEEE 802.11 networks, 3G networks are wide area cellular telephone networks which evolved to incorporate high-speed internet access and video telephony. IEEE 802.11 (common home Wi-Fi) networks are short range, high-bandwidth networks primarily developed for data.
In December 2005, 100 3G networks were operating in 40 countries, according to the Global mobile Suppliers Association. In Asia, Europe, Canada and the USA, telecommunication companies use W-CDMA technology with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks. )

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Technology of 3.5G - Ming Hui

High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), also known as 3.5G, is a mobile telephony communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support down-link speeds of 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 and 14.4 Mbit/s. Applications with high data demands such as video and streaming music are the focus of HSDPA

The High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) lacks two basic features of other W-CDMA channels — variable spreading factor and fast power control. Instead, it delivers the improved downlink performance using adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), fast packet scheduling at the base station, and fast retransmissions from the base station, known as hybrid automatic repeat-request (HARQ).

The High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) delivers the improved downlink performance using

• Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC),
• fast packet scheduling and retransmissions from the base station, known as hybrid automatic repeat-request (HARQ).

Hybrid automatic repeat-request (HARQ)

• HARQ uses incremental redundancy, where user data is transmitted multiple times using different codings.
• Devices saves corrupted packets and combines with retransmissions, to recover the error-free packet.
• Even if the retransmitted packets are corrupted, their combination can yield an error-free packet.

Adaptive modulation and coding

• The modulation scheme and coding is dependent on signal quality and cell usage.
• With 5 Code allocation, QPSK typically offers up to 1.8 Mbit/s peak data rates, while 16QAM up to 3.6.
• Additional codes (e.g. 10, 15) can also be used to improve these data rates or extend the throughput.
• Theoretically, HSDPA can give throughput up to 14.4 Mbit/s.

Other improvements

• Improvement on the uplink providing a 384 kbit/s. The previous uplink was 128kbits/s.
• HSDPA also reduces latency and so the round trip time for applications.

The success of HSDPA is dependent upon the success of the 3G standard as HSDPA is built on top of existing 3G networks, albeit with much higher download/downlink speed only.
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Technology of 3.75G - Ming Hui

High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) also known as 3.75G is a mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5.76 Mbit/s. The 3GPP does not support the name 'HSUPA' created by Nokia, but instead uses the name Enhanced Uplink (EUL).
The technical purpose of the Enhanced Uplink feature is to improve the performance of uplink to increase capacity and throughput and reduce delay

HSUPA uses an uplink enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH) on which it will methods similar to those employed by HSDPA, namely:

• Shorter Transmission Time Interval enabling faster link adaptation
• HARQ (hybrid ARQ) with incremental redundancy making retransmissions more effective

Similarly to HSDPA, HSUPA uses a packet scheduler, but it operates on a request-grant principle where the UEs request a permission to send data and the scheduler decides when and how many UEs will be allowed to do so.

The following table gives uplink speeds for the different categories of HSUPA.HSUPA Category Max Uplink Speed

Category 1	0.73 Mbit/s
Category 2	1.46 Mbit/s
Category 3	1.46 Mbit/s
Category 4	2.93 Mbit/s
Category 5	2.00 Mbit/s
Category 6	5.76 Mbit/s
Category 7 (3GPP Rel7)	11.5 Mbit/s

After HSDPA and HSUPA, there will be another protocol known as HSPA+. HSPA+ is a 3G mobile data protocol defined in 3GPP release 7. It provides HSPA data download rates of up to 42 Mbit/s and upload rates of up to 11 Mbit/s.

HSPA comprises HSDPA, HSUPA and HSPA Evolved, defining the migration path of 3GSM/W-CDMA operators worldwide. It is the credible choice for operators wanting to offer mobile broadband services to both urban and rural consumer and enterprise users.

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Current 3G to 3.75G supported Devices - Ming Hui

There are currently 420 devices supporting HSPA out of which 183 are handsets. A detailed list can be found at HSPA's Official Website.

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Technologies currently in development (Pre 4G) - Mun Whye

From my research i know that there are two types of 3G Technologies in the market now. HSOPA and UMB. HSOPA is developed by 3GPP organization and UMB is developed by CDG organization. Currently in the market this is the 2 new techonology waiting to be offically launch. Now in the current world, 90% of the mobile coverage in the world is using 3GPP technology which is HSUPA and 10% of the world is using CDMA2000 which is a technology developed by CDG. But now in comparison with the 2 new technology. HSOPA only offers 100mbps for downlink and 50 mbps for uplink where UMB offers 280mbps for downlink and 75mbps for uplink. Even though UMB offers a better speed than HSOPA. They are considering whether to change to UMB technology as most of the base station supports only HSOPA technology. If they want to implement UMB technology they will need to install the base station around the world.

High Speed OFDM Packet Access
High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA) is a proposed part of 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for UMTS systems. HSOPA is also often referred to as Super 3G. If adopted, HSOPA succeeds HSDPA and HSUPA technologies specified in 3GPP releases 5 and 6. Unlike HSDPA or HSUPA, HSOPA is an entirely new air interface system, unrelated to and incompatible with W-CDMA.

Features of HSOPA

• Flexible bandwidth usage with 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz bandwidths. By comparison, W-CDMA uses fixed size 5 MHz chunks of spectrum.
• Increased spectral efficiency at 2-4 times more than in 3GPP release 6, peak transfer rates of 100 Mbit/s for downlink and 50 Mbit/s for uplink.
• Latency times of around 20 ms for round trip time from user terminal to radio access network, approximately the same as a combined HSDPA/HSUPA system, but much better than "classic" W-CDMA.

Ultra Mobile Broadband
UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) is the brand name for the project within 3GPP2 to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements. The system is based upon Internet (TCP/IP) networking technologies running over a next generation radio system, with peak rates of up to 280 Mbit/s. Its designers intend for the system to be more efficient and capable of providing more services than the technologies it replaces.

Features of UMB

• OFDMA-based air interface
• Frequency Division Duplex
• Scalable bandwidth between 1.25-20 MHz (OFDMA systems are especially well suited for wider bandwidths larger than 5 MHz)
• Supports mixed cell sizes, e.g., macro-cellular, micro-cellular & pico-cellular.
• IP network architecture
• Supports flat, centralized and mixed topologies
• Data speeds over 280 Mbit/s downstream and over 75 Mbit/s upstream

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Long Term Evolution - Weng Hao

Next, i'll be talking about one of the upcoming 4G technology, LTE. LTE stands for Long Term Evolution, it is a 4G wireless broadband spec developed on top of the UMTS standard used by AT&T and T-Mobile in the USA. Some calls LTE 4G, while some says its a version of 4G. So, 4G is going to see many forms and will be around for a long time
Some of the specs LTE is aiming:

• has speeds of 100Mbps down and 50Mbps up.
• latency of under 5ms for some IP traffic.
• support for no lesser than 200 simultaneous users in each 5MHz slice of spectrum used.

The early results shown after the trials in the lab and out in the field in urban environments, showed great promise for 3GPP LTE technology and are a tangible early validation of the reality of 3GPP LTE systems and services. It is undergoing a major shift in wireless communications.

However, they are facing competitive pressure from mobile WiMax and UMB. Supporters at the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) are looking beyond the current 3G wireless technologies because recent improvements to W-CDMA are not sufficient enough to keep LTE's momentum going. The Arthur D Little report findings shows that HSPA will account for the majority of mobile broadband networks worldwide over the next five years, while mobile WiMAX is a competitive technology for selection by operators over this period in only a limited number of circumstances where conditions are favorable. The report also explained that WiMAX systems are expected to achieve faster data transfer rates than today's HSPA networks. Mobile WiMAX cells supporting these higher data rates will tend to be smaller, at only one-half to one-quarter the cell radius of the equivalent HSPA cell. But, mobile WiMAX systems are less capable in terms of voice traffic capacity, limiting the size of the markets and scope of user needs they can address.

There will definitely be more and more improvements from LTE and WiMax. Time is the only factor which will tell if LTE will drive consumers to use their mobile devices for broadband wireless access applications, and also give competitors a run for their money.

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The Future of 3G aka 4G - Aaron Yang

4G (also known as beyond 3G), an acronym for Fourth-Generation Communications System, is a term used to describe the next step in wireless communications. A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at higher data rates than previous generations.

The 4G technology will be able to support Interactive services like Video Conferencing (with more than 2 sites simultaneously), Wireless Internet,etc. The bandwidth would be much wider (100 MHz) and data would be transferred at much higher rates. The cost of the data transfer would be comparatively very less and global mobility would be possible. The networks will be all IP networks based on IPv6. The antennas will be much smarter and improved access technologies like OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA) will be used. Also the security features will be much better.

Objective
The 4G working group has defined the following as objectives of the 4G wireless communication standard:

• A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bit/s/Hz/site),
• High network capacity: more simultaneous users per cell,
• A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions as defined by the ITU-R,
• A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world,
• Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks,
• Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks,
• High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)
• Interoperability with existing wireless standards, and
• An all IP, packet switched network.

At present the mobile phones are evolving at the same time as the underlying technology. The new mobile phone concepts are referred to by the industry as the 4G mobiles. Here are a few news selection on these 4G mobiles. This concept from BenQ (The Black Box User Interface Communication) received an iF Design Award China 2006 award. The Official description is as follows:
In summary, the 4G system should dynamically share and utilise network resources to meet the minimal requirements of all the 4G enabled users.
There are also currrently some exciting 4G mobiles concepts under development from the many various mobile companies, and already they look to offer consumers much more than what 3G can do now. 4G is truely the future of 3G technology.
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Conclusion

After reviewing all the technologies from 2G till current technologies. Both organization are trying to to lead the rapid evolution and deployment of 3G technology systems, based on open standards and encompassing all core architectures, to meet the needs of markets around the world. HSOPA is able to hit 100mbps downlink and 50mbps uplink speed and UMB is able to hit 280mpbs downlink and 75 mbps uplink speed. Base on the results the two organization will able to futher developed their technologies and might able to hit the speed of current wired technology.
After 3G, the next evolution will be 4G. Sprint Nextel plans to launch 4G services in trial markets by the end of 2007 with plans to deploy a network that reaches as many as 100 million people in 2008.... and has announced WiMax service called Xohm. Tested in Chicago, this speed was clocked at impressive 100 Mbit/s. Although far from ready, the future of mobile technology in the markets is bright indeed.


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References

CDMA Development Group. (n.d.). CDG : Technology : 3G - Ultra Mobile Broadband. Retrieved January 28, 2008, from http://www.cdg.org/technology/3g_umb.asp

Dredge, Stuart. (August 22, 2006). What the hell is… HSDPA?. In Pocket Picks. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www.pocketpicks.co.uk/latest/index.php/2006/08/22/what-the-hell-is-hsdpa/.

Fourth Generation (4G) Wireless, Information and Resources. Retrieved January 20, 2008, from
http://www.3g4g.co.uk/4G/

Fitchard, Kevin. (March 26, 2007). Ultra Mobile Broadband, the next new network. Retrieved January 28, 2008, from http://telephonyonline.com/mag/telecom_next_new_network/

Mobilecomms Technology. (n.d.). HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access). In Mobilecomms Technology. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www.mobilecomms-technology.com/projects/hsupa/.

Marek, Sue (May 15, 2005). HSOPA: The Next Step For GSM?. Retrieved January 30, 2008, from http://www.3g4g.co.uk/Hsdpa/Links/hsopa_1.html

Nortel. (n.d.). Nortel: News Releases: Nortel Drives Beyond 3G with HSOPA in 3GPP Standard. Retrieved January 30, 2008, from http://www2.nortel.com/go/news_detail.jsp?cat_id=-8055&oid=100195516

Sliden, Frank. (n.d.). What is HSDPA. In WiseGeek. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-hsdpa.htm.

Wikipedia (29 January 2008). 4G. In Wikipedia. Retrieved January 30, 2008, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G

Wikipedia. (June 3, 2004). High-Speed Downlink Packet Access. In Wikipedia. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access.

Wikipedia. (June 19, 2005). High-Speed Uplink Packet Access. In Wikipedia. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access.

Eric Bangeman. (November 08, 2007). LTE 4G trials promising, but tech faces stiff challenge from WiMAX. Retrieved January 31, 2008. from http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20071108-lte-4g-trials-promising-but-tech-faces-stiff-challenge-from-wimax.html

Ashok Bindra. (May 1, 2007). Will 3G LTE give mobile devices a new edge? Retrieved January 31, 2008. from http://rfdesign.com/rfic/integration/3g-lte-mobile-devices-0507/

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Daniel(

3G is the generation of mobile phone standards and technology, after 2G. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, "IMT-2000". 3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment. Typically, they provide service at 5-10 Mb per second.
Unlike IEEE 802.11 networks, 3G networks are wide area cellular telephone networks which evolved to incorporate high-speed internet access and video telephony. IEEE 802.11 (common home Wi-Fi) networks are short range, high-bandwidth networks primarily developed for data.
In December 2005, 100 3G networks were operating in 40 countries, according to the Global mobile Suppliers Association. In Asia, Europe, Canada and the USA, telecommunication companies use W-CDMA technology with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks. )